Jean Baubérot, dans Vingtième Siècle, revue d'histoire, n°44, octobre-décembre 1994. La culture politique en France depuis De Gaulle. pp. 51-57.

The banners of the 16 January 1994 demonstration seemed to indicate a forceful return of secular culture. Nevertheless, recent

events were not a "reverse 1984". In the meantime, the secular ideal was rejuvenated at the very time it was returning to its

sources. The result is that secularism was and remains a difficult and conflictual awareness of democratic demands within a

republican logic which has so deeply shaped French political culture since 1789.

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